Water damage restoration Vienna everything is decided in the first 48 hours.

Water damage restoration Vienna: from the building contractor that does the work — not from an agent.

Water damage restoration Vienna: restoring water damage in Vienna costs 1,800 to 45,000 euros, depending on the extent. One room €1,800–4,500, several rooms €4,500–14,000, with screed removal up to €45,000. Drying, removal and reinstatement from one source – with documentation for the insurer.

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Water damage restoration in Vienna costs €1,800 to €45,000, depending on the extent. One affected room costs €1,800 to €4,500, several rooms €4,500 to €14,000, major damage with screed removal €14,000 to €45,000. The first 48 hours are decisive: after two to three days, mould starts to grow in damp building materials. Shut off the water, mop it up, take photos, notify the insurer, start drying – in this order, on the same day.

✓ First response within hours✓ Drying and reinstatement from one source✓ Measurement records for the insurer✓ Sub-meter for drying electricity✓ Release only after measurement

What you should do immediately

These seven steps in this order, before anyone even arrives. They determine the amount of damage and whether the insurer pays.

1 · Shut off the waterClose the main stopcock. In old Viennese apartments it is usually in the hallway, under the sink or in the toilet behind an access panel. Without your own stopcock: in the basement on the riser, via the property management.

2 · Switch off the powerTurn off the circuit breaker for the affected area before you go in. Water and electricity are the danger, not the wet carpet.

3 · Take photos before you tidy upThe condition before any measure is the basis of the claim settlement. Wide-angle and detail shots, with date. Also of damaged furniture and appliances.

4 · Mop up the waterWet vacuum, wiping, ventilation. This is your duty to mitigate damage – the insurer expects you to act rather than wait.

5 · ReportInsurer, property management, and if water comes from or goes into a neighbouring apartment, the neighbour too. By phone and in writing, with the date and time of discovery.

6 · Start dryingDo not wait for the loss adjuster. Damage mitigation may and should begin immediately – documented, with photos of the condition beforehand.

7 · Do not throw anything awayKeep damaged items until the damage has been recorded. What goes into the bin before anyone has seen it is rarely replaced.

The most common mistake after water damage: waiting for the insurer to get in touch. During this time the water soaks into screed and insulation, and after two to three days mould begins to grow. A drying case becomes a removal case – along with the question of why action was not taken sooner.

If water has entered through a leaking terrace, the waterproofing must be renewed first: terrace renovation Vienna.

Water damage restoration Vienna: costs 2026

Net guide values, as of 2026, binding after a site visit. The range results from the type of water, its spread and the build-up of the affected components. The largest single item is almost always technical drying – how it works and what it costs in detail is explained on the building drying page.

Scope	What is done	Net price	Duration
Small damage, one room	Drying, painting, floor covering	1.800–4.500 €	2–4 weeks
Medium damage, several rooms	additionally screed drying, drywall	4.500–14.000 €	4–8 weeks
Major damage with removal	Screed out, new insulation, reinstatement	14.000–45.000 €	8–16 weeks
Several apartments affected	Coordination, sections, alternative accommodation	by effort	3–6 months
Sewer backflow or flooding	Black water, disinfection, disposal	6.000–35.000 €	6–14 weeks

Water damage restoration Vienna: the prices from the table at a glance, as of 2026, net.

Unit prices so you can check an invoice

Item	Unit	Net price	What is included
Emergency first response	lump sum	350–900 €	Extract water, secure, photo record
Leak detection	lump sum	300–900 €	Thermography, acoustic detection, endoscope
Moisture measurement and damage mapping	lump sum	250–700 €	Measuring points, record for the insurer
Room drying, condensation or desiccant dryer	device/day	18–45 €	Rental, set-up, monitoring
Drying of the insulation layer under the screed	m²/day	2,50–6,00 €	Core drilling, compressors, hoses, filters
Electricity costs for drying	Month	180–650 €	Sub-meter, billing to the insurer
Removing and disposing of floor covering	m²	12–35 €	Parquet, laminate, carpet, adhesive
Removing screed	m²	35–75 €	Breaking up, insulation out, disposal
New screed incl. insulation	m²	45–80 €	Edge strips, separating layer, screed
Removing and rebuilding a drywall partition	m²	75–140 €	Removal, disposal, rebuilding, filling
Hacking off and renewing plaster	m²	45–95 €	up to above the damp line, newly plastered
Disinfection with black water	m²	15–40 €	Agent, contact time, follow-up cleaning
Painting after drying	m²	12–28 €	Primer, filling, two coats
Laying new parquet	m²	28–55 €	Laying without material, glued
Check measurement and release	lump sum	150–350 €	Readiness-for-covering measurement, record

Worked example · old-building apartment, burst riser pipe, 35 m² affected

Emergency service, leak detection, measurement€1,450

Floor removal, screed drying 4 weeks€4,900

New screed, drywall, plaster€5,200

Painting, parquet, check measurement€4,850

Total around €16,400 net. For covered mains water damage, this is generally paid by the building or household insurance – provided the damage was reported and documented before the work began.

The three types of water and why they determine the price

Category	Where it comes from	What this means
Clean water	Drinking water pipe, heating, rain through the roof	Drying usually sufficient, material is preserved
Grey water	Washing machine, dishwasher, shower drain	Disinfection required, porous materials are replaced
Black water	Sewer backflow, sewage, flooding	Complete removal of porous components, disinfection, disposal as contaminated

With black water, nothing is dried; it is removed: screed, insulation, drywall, floor coverings. Everything that has soaked up water and cannot be disinfected has to go. That is why sewer backflow in the same apartment costs three to four times as much as a burst pipe.

Drying methods: what is used when

Condensation dryer

Draws moisture from the room air and collects it in a container. The standard at room temperatures above 15 °C. €18 to €35 per device per day.

Desiccant dryer

Also works at low temperatures and achieves deeper levels of drying. For basements, unheated rooms and winter. €25 to €45 per device per day.

Drying of the insulation layer under the screed

Under the screed there is insulation in which water collects and does not dry from above. Air is blown in or extracted via core holes – the method that avoids removing the screed.

Cavity and wall drying

For soaked lining walls, suspended ceilings and raised floors. With special nozzles through small openings instead of opening up the whole construction.

Which method is right is decided by measurement – not by the equipment of whichever firm happens to have time. Anyone who only sets up condensation dryers although the water is in the insulation layer spends weeks drying the air and not the damage.

Five special features of water damage in old Viennese buildings

1. Galvanised risers at the end of their service life

The most common trigger in Viennese tenement buildings. Galvanised steel lasts 40 to 60 years, and much of the existing stock is older. A burst riser rarely affects just one apartment – usually several storeys are involved. Anyone who only repairs after the damage will have the next burst in two years: then riser pipe replacement should be considered.

2. Timber beam ceilings as water channels

Water runs along the beams inside the ceiling and sometimes emerges two rooms further on. The stain on the ceiling therefore does not tell you where the damage is. In addition, fill made of slag or rubble stores water for months. That is why timber ceilings are measured over a large area, not at single points.

3. No as-built plans

Nobody knows where which pipe runs. That is why leak detection with thermography, acoustic detection and endoscopy is not a luxury but the alternative to chiselling open on suspicion – €300 to €900 compared with a ripped-open wall.

4. Several parties affected

Water knows no apartment boundaries. Typically three to five units, three insurers and one property management are involved. We document separately for each apartment so that every party receives its documents, and coordinate the sections so that not all of them are uninhabitable at the same time.

5. Basement and backflow

In lower-lying districts and during heavy rain, water comes back through the sewer. A working backflow valve is a precondition for many insurance policies – check whether one is in place before you need it.

How water damage restoration works

1 · First response, within hoursExtract water, secure, photo record, set up the first drying equipment. This is damage mitigation and starts before any approval.

2 · Find the causeLeak detection with thermography, acoustic detection or endoscopy. Nothing is dried without a known cause – otherwise water keeps flowing in.

3 · Damage mappingMoisture measurement at defined points, recording of all affected components, report with photos. This document goes to the insurer.

4 · Removal, as much as necessaryFloor coverings, soaked insulation, drywall. Complete with black water; with clean water only as far as drying is not enough.

5 · Drying with recordsEquipment according to method, sub-meter for the electricity, weekly measurement and documentation of the values. Duration 1 to 8 weeks depending on the build-up.

6 · Release by measurementOnly when the values are right is anything closed. Cement screed below 2.0 % residual moisture, with underfloor heating below 1.8 %. Recorded, not estimated.

7 · ReinstatementScreed, drywall, plaster, tiles, painting, floors – from one source, without a second company and a second round of coordination.

8 · HandoverAcceptance record, complete documentation with measured values, drying records and photos for the insurance settlement.

Who pays: the insurance question

Constellation	Responsible	What to watch out for
Burst pipe in the apartment	Building insurance for the fabric, household insurance for the contents	sudden event, report before work begins
Burst riser pipe	Building insurance of the property	handled via the property management
Water from the neighbour	their liability insurance, if at fault	e.g. a poorly maintained washing machine
Sewer backflow	only with separate additional cover	a working backflow valve is often a precondition
Flooding, heavy rain	Natural hazard cover	must be insured separately, often with a limit
Gradual soaking	nobody – counts as maintenance	that is why establishing the cause is also financially decisive
Rented apartment, structural damage	Landlord under § 3 MRG	Rent reduction possible if unusable

The eight mistakes that cost the most after water damage

Waiting for the insurer to get in touch. In this time, a drying case becomes a removal case.
Tidying up before taking photos. What is not documented is rarely replaced.
Drying without knowing the cause. Water keeps flowing in, the equipment runs for weeks for nothing.
Only drying the air. If the water is in the insulation layer under the screed, no condensation dryer in the room will help.
No sub-meter on the drying electricity. Then there is a dispute about €180 to €650 a month.
Laying flooring without a readiness measurement. Cupping, open joints and, in the worst case, mould under the covering.
Disposing of damaged items before they have been recorded.
Not thinking ahead after the repair. With a 60-year-old galvanised riser, the next burst is only a matter of time.

How to check an offer or an invoice

Are the drying devices listed individually?Number, type, running time in days. A lump sum for "drying" cannot be checked.

Is there a drying record?With measured values per week and measuring point. This is also the proof for the insurer.

Is the electricity consumption recorded via a sub-meter?Otherwise it is estimated – and estimated amounts get cut.

Was it measured before closing?A readiness record with values and date, not "it was dry".

Is leak detection included?And was it done before chiselling open or afterwards?

Who does the reinstatement?A drying company dries. For screed, plaster, tiles and painting you would otherwise need a second company – and coordinate it yourself.

How is the documentation structured?Separately for each apartment if several parties are affected. Otherwise no party can submit its documents.

Liability insurance and warranty?Three years under § 933 ABGB on the workmanship, construction liability insurance of at least €3 million.

Who we restore for

Property management companies

Several affected units, separate documentation per apartment, coordination with several insurers, construction phases arranged so that not everything is uninhabitable at the same time.

Apartment owners

Drying and reinstatement from one source, with the documentation your insurer needs – instead of three companies and three invoices.

Tenants

Documentation of the condition for the landlord and household insurance, including the documents for any rent reduction.

Commercial

Business interruption as short as possible: work at night and at weekends, in sections, with dust protection towards ongoing operations.

When you do not need us

If a glass of water has been knocked over and the parquet looks dry again an hour later, you do not need anyone – ventilating is enough. If only the washing machine has overflowed and the water was on tiles, mop it up and watch the joints for two weeks. Contact us if water has run into screed, insulation or a timber ceiling, if it has gone through the ceiling to the neighbour or if you cannot find the cause. That is where waiting quickly becomes a mould case.

Water damage restoration in 1110 Vienna: what is often behind it in Simmering

Structurally, Simmering is a district of contrasts. Around Simmeringer Hauptstraße there are older tenement buildings, next to them large residential complexes from the 1950s to 1970s, plus new residential quarters and extensive commercial areas towards Kaiserebersdorf and Albern. Each of these building types has its own weak point when water escapes.

In the post-war buildings it is often the risers and apartment pipes made of galvanised steel that clog from the inside and rust through at the threads. The damage often only shows in the apartment below, because the water continues to run in the screed or along the shaft. In the commercial halls it is more often flat roofs and roof drains, and in basements in lower-lying areas backflow from the sewer after heavy rain. For the restoration this means: first clarify where the water comes from and whether drinking water, rainwater or waste water is involved, then dry, and only then reinstate. Anyone who owns an apartment in a large complex in the 11th district should also involve the property management early, because the riser is usually a common part of the building and the building insurance handles the claim. If the riser is worn out, it is worth considering riser pipe replacement for the whole building.

Drying company, plumber or building contractor: who does what after water damage

After a leak, many people first ask for a drying company. That is understandable but covers only part of it. Water damage has three phases, and in each one someone else is needed:

Stop the cause: the leak itself is repaired by a licensed plumber. Without this repair, any drying is in vain.
Drying: measuring, setting up equipment, drying the insulation layer under the screed, monitoring. This can be done by a pure drying company or by a building contractor that also organises technical building drying.
Reinstatement: plaster, screed, drywall, painting, flooring. This requires several trades in the right order.

If you commission each phase separately, you coordinate yourself – and bear the risk that weeks pass between drying and the floor layer. We take on the second and third phases together and coordinate with the plumber so that the measurement records for the insurer remain continuous.

Water from above: when the roof or terrace causes the damage

Not all water damage comes from a pipe. In the loft and the top apartments, the cause is often a leaking roof, a blocked gutter or a roof terrace whose waterproofing has given way at the door connection. Typically, the stains only grow after rain and fade again in summer. Drying only helps in the short term here: as long as the envelope leaks, the water comes back with the next thunderstorm. That is why the cause at the top must be fixed first, through roof renovation or terrace waterproofing, and only then the interior. This difference is important for the insurer, because penetrating rainwater is covered differently from a burst pipe.

Frequently asked questions about water damage restoration in Vienna

How much does water damage restoration in Vienna cost?

Water damage restoration in Vienna costs around 500 to over 25,000 euros depending on the extent. Minor water damage costs €500–2,000, medium damage with drying and reinstatement €2,000–8,000, major damage across several rooms more than that. The costs are usually borne by the insurer.

What is water damage restoration?

Water damage restoration covers all measures to repair the damage caused by penetrating water — from leak detection through drying to structural reinstatement.

Is it enough to mop up the water damage?

No. Water penetrates screed, insulation and masonry. This moisture is often not visible from the outside, but damages the fabric from within and, if untreated, leads to mould.

Who pays for water damage restoration?

As a rule, the insurer — the building insurance for pipes and building components, the household insurance for furniture and floors. If a third party is at fault, liability insurance may apply; for natural events, natural hazard insurance.

Does Skyline Bau help with the insurance claim?

Yes. Skyline Bau prepares detailed damage assessments and fixed-price offers under ÖNORM B 2110 and coordinates with the insurer — with direct billing if requested.

Why is leak detection important?

Before restoration can begin, the cause must be found and stopped. Otherwise damage is repaired that immediately recurs. Leak detection is carried out with modern measuring technology.

What is technical drying?

Technical drying uses special equipment to extract moisture from soaked building components — screed, masonry, insulation. Merely drying the room air is not enough with soaked screed.

How long does the drying take?

Depending on the extent, drying takes a few days to several weeks. It is the time-determining step of water damage restoration. Reinstatement can only begin once drying is complete.

Why is acting quickly important?

The longer moisture remains in the components, the deeper it penetrates and the higher the risk of mould. Acting quickly often saves thousands of euros.

Does the restoration prevent mould?

Yes. Rapid and complete technical drying removes the basis for mould. If water damage is not dried professionally, mould is a common consequence.

What determines the costs?

Above all the extent of the damage, the cause, the duration of the soaking and the affected materials such as screed, insulation and floor coverings.

What are common causes of water damage?

Burst pipes, leaking pipes, defective fittings, blocked drains, overflowing appliances as well as leaking roofs and flooding.

Does Skyline Bau carry out leak detection itself?

Skyline Bau coordinates professional leak detection and, as an executing building contractor with licensed master-builder partners, carries out the structural reinstatement — the person affected has one contact person for the entire project. Drying and plumbing repairs are coordinated as well.

What happens to soaked screed?

Soaked screed must be dried technically — drying the room air is not enough. If the damage is permanent, the screed is removed and replaced. Which route is right is shown by the moisture measurements during drying.

Does Skyline Bau also carry out the reinstatement?

Yes. Skyline Bau carries out the complete structural reinstatement — new screed, plaster, floors and interior finishing up to ready-to-occupy handover. Ready-to-occupy rooms are the goal of water damage restoration.

When should I report the water damage to the insurer?

As early as possible. Delays in reporting can lead to problems with cost coverage. Photos and videos of the damage help the insurer. Good documentation right at the start makes the later settlement easier.

Are the electricity costs of drying reimbursed?

The drying equipment causes additional electricity consumption. Whether this is reimbursed depends on the cause of the damage and the insurer — confirmation of the additional consumption is required.

How long does water damage restoration take in total?

From a few days for minor damage to several weeks for major damage. The time-determining step is drying. The initial site visit gives a precise assessment. Skyline Bau states the construction schedule in the fixed-price offer. This way the person affected knows from the start when their home will be habitable again.

Water damage restoration: is there a fixed price?

Yes. After the initial site visit, Skyline Bau prepares a binding fixed-price offer under ÖNORM B 2110 — the right basis for the insurer.

What needs to be considered with water damage in a tenement building?

In a tenement building, water damage often affects several apartments and storeys. Skyline Bau coordinates the restoration with the property management and the parties affected.

What is the difference from fire damage restoration?

Fire damage restoration repairs damage caused by fire and smoke. Water damage restoration repairs damage caused by water — both have technical drying in common.

Water damage restoration: does Skyline Bau also work outside Vienna?

Yes. Skyline Bau carries out water damage restoration in Vienna and the surrounding area. The focus is on apartments, houses and tenement buildings within the city. We clarify the service area in the first conversation. After water damage in the area, Skyline Bau is on site quickly.

How do I reach Skyline Bau after water damage?

Write to us via the form, by e-mail or WhatsApp. Skyline Bau comes quickly for the initial site visit and prepares a binding fixed-price offer.

What do I do in the first hours after water damage?

Close the main stopcock, switch off the power in the affected area, mop up the water, photograph everything – including the condition before tidying up. Then notify the insurer and inform the property management. Only then start drying.

Why are the first 48 hours so important?

Because mould starts to grow in damp building materials after two to three days and is almost certain after a week. Every day without drying significantly increases the damage and the later restoration bill.

Where is the main stopcock?

In old Viennese apartments it is usually in the hallway, in the kitchen under the sink or in the toilet behind an access panel. Find it before you need it – in an emergency every minute counts. In apartments without their own stopcock, it is in the basement on the riser.

How much does water damage restoration cost?

Minor damage in one room €1,800 to €4,500, medium damage across several rooms €4,500 to €14,000, major damage with screed removal €14,000 to €45,000. With sewer backflow it is considerably higher because of the complete removal.

How much does the drying cost?

Room drying €18 to €45 per device per day, drying of the insulation layer under the screed €2.50 to €6.00 per m² per day. Plus electricity costs of €180 to €650 per month, recorded via a sub-meter and billed separately to the insurer.

What is insulation-layer drying under the screed?

Under the screed there is an insulation layer in which water collects and which does not dry from above. Air is blown in or extracted via core holes, €2.50 to €6.00 per m² per day. Without this method the entire screed would have to come out.

Are the drying devices loud?

Yes, turbines and compressors make a constant noise, comparable to a vacuum cleaner in the next room. During screed drying they run around the clock. That is unpleasant, but the alternative would be complete removal.

Can I stay in the apartment during drying?

With smaller damage, yes, if one room remains free. With several affected rooms, ongoing screed drying or black water, alternative accommodation makes sense – many household insurance policies also cover these costs.

Does the insurer pay for the electricity for drying?

As a rule yes, for covered mains water damage. This requires a sub-meter on the devices and a bill based on the electricity tariff. Without a sub-meter there is a discussion about the amount – that is why we always install one.

Which insurance is responsible?

The building insurance for the building itself – screed, plaster, permanently installed parts. The household insurance for the tenant's furnishings and floor coverings. For damage caused by a neighbour, their liability insurance. In practice, several often run in parallel.

What is covered and what is not?

As a rule, sudden mains water damage is covered. Not covered are gradual soaking, groundwater and usually sewer backflow without separate additional cover. Flooding falls under natural hazards, which must be insured separately.

Do I have to wait for the insurer's approval before the restoration?

For damage mitigation measures, no – mopping up and drying may and should start immediately; that is even your duty. For reinstatement you wait for approval. Document everything that happens before the loss adjuster's inspection.

What do I need to document?

Photos of the damage before any measure, date and time of discovery, measurement records, invoices, drying records with running times. The more complete the documents, the smoother the settlement. We provide the documentation in the form insurers expect.

Who pays if the water came from the neighbour?

Their liability insurance, provided they are at fault – for example a poorly maintained washing machine. With a burst pipe in the common riser, it is a matter for the building or the building insurance.

Who pays in a rented apartment?

Repairing the structural damage is maintenance under § 3 MRG and therefore the landlord's responsibility. The tenant's household insurance covers their own furnishings. If the apartment is significantly unusable, there is a right to a rent reduction.

Can I reduce the rent?

With significant impairment, yes – wet rooms, running drying equipment, unusable rooms. The amount depends on the extent of the unusability. Document the condition with photos and dates.

How do I find the cause if nothing is visible?

With leak detection: thermography shows temperature differences, acoustic detection finds the sound of escaping water, endoscopy allows a look into cavities. €300 to €900 – and the precondition for not chiselling open on suspicion.

What are typical causes in old Viennese buildings?

Corroded galvanised risers, leaking drain connections behind lining walls, defective bathroom waterproofing under tiles, blocked gutters and courtyard drains, and condensation on uninsulated cold-water pipes in the basement.

How do I recognise hidden water damage?

By unexplained high water consumption, damp patches at the bottom of walls, waves in the parquet, hollow-sounding tiles, a musty smell. If the water meter runs with the taps closed, the case is clear.

What is black water?

Contaminated water from sewer backflow, sewage or flooding. Here nothing is dried; it is removed: screed, insulation, drywall and floor coverings are removed, the surfaces disinfected and the material disposed of as contaminated.

What to do with sewer backflow?

Do not enter the room without protective equipment, avoid contact with the water, inform the property management and insurer immediately. Check whether a backflow valve is in place and working – its absence can affect cover.

When can the floor be laid again?

Only after measured readiness for covering: cement screed below 2.0 % residual moisture, with underfloor heating below 1.8 %. The measurement is recorded. Anyone who lays too early gets cupping, gaps and, in the worst case, mould under the covering.

Can mould develop after water damage?

Yes, if drying was too late or incomplete. That is why release is not based on feeling but on measurement at defined points. If infestation appears, it must be professionally remediated – see mould remediation Vienna.

Do you also do the reinstatement?

Yes, that is the advantage over a pure drying company: screed, drywall, plaster, tiles, painting and floors come from one source. After drying you do not need a second company or a second round of coordination.

How quickly can you be on site?

With acute water leakage in Vienna, usually within a few hours for the first response: mop up the water, secure, photo record, start drying. The site visit for reinstatement follows as soon as the extent can be assessed.

What to do if water damage happens at the weekend?

First shut off the water, switch off the affected circuits and photograph everything. For the leak itself, call an emergency plumbing service, and report the damage to the insurer immediately. Vacuum up standing water and raise furniture. The actual drying can begin on Monday without much being lost, as long as no more water is flowing in.

May I choose the restoration company myself if the insurer suggests a partner firm?

That depends on your policy, so check briefly with the insurer before placing the order. Many insurers name partner firms but also accept other companies if damage, measured values and costs are documented comprehensibly. What matters is that photos and a measurement record exist before removal and that the offer is submitted before work begins.

Is water leaking from the washing machine mains water damage?

Mostly yes, because water from connected appliances and their hoses falls under mains water in many policies. The exact cover is stated in your terms. For damage to contents the household insurance is responsible; for damage to screed, walls and ceilings, generally the building insurance of the property.

Related services

◆ Partner company · Bling Premium Cleaning

Dry? Deep cleaning comes next.

After drying and removal, deep cleaning is necessary, and with sewage damage also disinfection. Bling Premium Cleaning takes care of both. More at bling-bling.at.

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Bling Bling GmbH · Skyline Bau brand · Company details in the legal notice

Note: Skyline Bau is the brand name of the construction and renovation division of Bling Bling GmbH and is not a separate legal entity. The sole contractual partner is Bling Bling GmbH. Bling Bling GmbH is a restricted construction trade business under § 99 GewO (Austrian Trade Regulation Act) and not a licensed master builder (Baumeister). Under § 99 (5) GewO, the title “Baumeister” is reserved for businesses licensed under § 94 no. 5 GewO. Regulated trades — master-builder services, structural engineering, gas and sanitary engineering, electrical engineering — are carried out exclusively by authorised, licensed partner companies.